B ird flu is a highly infectious disease that can affect many species of birds. It impacts primarily on the respiratory and digestive systems. Although the virus has been in existence for many years, the H5N1 strain is a particularly virulent mutation.

The bird flu virus is normally found only in birds, although it is possible to transmit from infected birds to humans in rare instances. The H5N1 strain has caused the largest number of human infections, though transmission from bird to human has so far only resulted from close contact between infected birds (or bird faeces) and people.

Does the virus affect cats and dogs?

There are very few confirmed cases of bird flu passing to cats, and none at all of it passing to dogs.

Although it is very uncommon, it is possible for cats to contract the disease by coming into contact with infected birds (or the carcasses of infected birds).

There is currently no evidence that bird flu can be passed from pets to humans and the risks are thought to be low.

According to the latest advice from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra): "There is absolutely no reason for anyone to abandon their cats, dogs or any other pets because of any fears or worries of infection from avian influenza.

"The welfare of pet animals is seriously compromised when they are abandoned and they are at risk from starvation or accident and more vulnerable to disease."

The British Veterinary Association (BVA) also supports this advice. Defra is working on more detailed advice for pet owners. The Blue Cross, based at Burford, is in close contact with Defra and is keeping abreast of any important developments.

What should I do if I live near a case of bird flu?

Defra is currently advising that all pet owners living within three kilometres of a confirmed case of bird flu (within a designated 'protection zone') should keep cats indoors and dogs on a lead. If you have any concerns at all about the health of your pet, consult your vet.

What can I do to keep my cat fit and happy when kept indoors?

When your cat is outdoors he has more opportunity to be mentally and physically active. He can explore and patrol his territory, hunt, socialise with or avoid other cats, climb, scratch and scent mark. During the period you have to restrict your cat indoors it is important that you provide substitutes for these activities. If you do not provide suitable mental and physical stimulation your cat may become bored, stressed and frustrated. For more advice visit The Blue Cross website, www.bluecross.org.uk How does bird flu affect my pet bird?

If you are concerned about the implications for pet birds, visit the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds website, www.rspb.org.uk The RSPB is working with BirdLife International, the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, the British Trust for Ornithology, Defra and others to evaluate the risk on an ongoing basis.

The public has been asked by the Government to report any suspicious deaths of wild birds.

If you come across a dead duck, goose or swan, you should not touch it, but report it to the Defra helpline (see below).

n For further information, or for the latest developments contact the Defra Helpline on 08459 335577. The helpline is open Monday to Friday, from 6am-10pm, and on Saturday and Sunday between 6am-10pm.