Police say new railings will mean muggers preying on old people no longer have a place to hide.
Gaps near Didcot Library provided ideal cover for attackers along an alleyway between Broadway and Marlborough Court sheltered flats for the elderly.
The footpath, which is used by many of the residents as well as elderly neighbours from Fairacres Road, was the scene of two muggings last year.
Town councillor Capt John Flood said many pensioners became afraid to use the alleyway.
Pc Roger Foster, of Thames Valley Police, said: "People felt intimidated walking along the alleyway, particularly at night."
At joint meetings with the police, the town council, South Oxfordshire District Council and the county council options to improve the lighting, CCTV cameras and redesigning the library were considered.
Capt Flood said it was felt that sealing off the recesses with new railings was the most appropriate action, and all the councils and police had contributed to the 1,800 cost.
Pc Foster and the district council's community safety officer Eleanor Taylor had talked to pensioners. Personal alarms, an information sheet and security equipment were offered to residents.
Mrs Taylor said: "While being rare, personal assaults are something people really fear."
She added: "The consultation with residents and the new fencing have helped alleviate the fear of crime and made the alleyway safer."
Sylvia Escott, house manager at Marlborough Court, said: "Some residents are still afraid to use the alleyway, although many feel much more confident since the railings went up."
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