Soccer fans attacked police with CS spray during a confrontation in Oxford city centre at the weekend.
Violence flared when officers responded to reports of fighting involving Bristol City fans, who were returning home from a match in Northampton.
Sixteen Bristol supporters were arrested in Hythe Bridge Street on Saturday night, following clashes in nearby George Street.
The group was said to have been involved in trouble at the Eurobar in George Street, and attacks on doormen outside Bar Risa in Hythe Bridge Street.
Officers were attacked with CS spray as they tried to make arrests and, in return, police used their own CS canisters. No-one was injured.
Thames Valley Police spokesman Lucy Ferguson said: "Officers were subjected to CS gas from a number of fans and, as a result, officers deployed their own.
"All the men arrested are believed to be from the Bristol city area and have been released on bail, pending further inquiries."
Tod O'Boyle, a barman at the Eurobar in George Street, called the police when he saw gangs of rival fans gathering.
He said: "I saw a big group of about 30 football fans at the bottom of George Street.
"There were also some Oxford United fans gathering at the entrance to the bus station.
"It looked like there was going to be trouble so I called the police. It's the usual start of season stuff."
Some of the arrested men were taken to St Aldate's police station, Oxford, with the rest being transported to Abingdon police station.
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