The gap between the proportion of the most and least disadvantaged pupils in Oxfordshire going to university hit an all-time high last year, new figures show.
It comes as the proportion of the most disadvantaged pupils going on to higher education across England fell for the first time, with the gap between them and their peers increasing to record levels.
Lee Elliot Major, professor of social mobility at the University of Exeter, said we are "sliding backwards" as a society in the post-pandemic era.
New Department for Education figures show 20 per cent of year 11 pupils in the 2022-23 academic year who were eligible for free school meals when they were 15 in Oxfordshire went on to enrol in higher education by the time they were 19.
This more than doubled for pupils not eligible for free school meals.
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It means the gap between pupils eligible for free school meals and their peers has grown to 28 percentage points, the highest level since records began in 2005-06.
Nationally, the proportion of free school meal pupils going on to further study fell for the first time having risen every year for the last 17.
As a result, the gap between the most and least disadvantaged children is now at a record high level.
Professor Major said: "Record-level participation gaps between free school meal pupils and their more privileged peers are nothing short of a societal failure.
"The cherished principle that anyone, regardless of their background, can study for a degree is becoming a distant dream.
"These statistics don’t lie: talent is everywhere, but opportunity is not. We are in danger of failing a whole generation."
The figures also showed the proportion of free school meal pupils going to university varied between regions.
Just under half (48.6 per cent) of free school meals pupils in London went to university by the age of 19 last year, compared with around a fifth in the south west (18.8 per cent).
Meanwhile, across England the proportion of black pupils getting to university by the age of 19 fell from 63.5 per cent to 62.4 per cent.
Nick Harrison, chief executive of the Sutton Trust charity, said: "The pandemic had a profound impact on all young people’s schooling, but hit those in disadvantaged families particularly hard, at the same time as increasing financial pressures for low-income households.
"We saw a big jump in higher education attendance over this time, but the increase was mostly among students from more advantaged backgrounds.
"There is some evidence that universities tried to protect admissions from less advantaged young people, but at the time they lacked access to data about applicants’ free school meals eligibility, and therefore couldn’t effectively prioritise the poorest pupils in their admissions policies."
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Education secretary Bridget Phillipson said "breaking the link between where a young person grows up, and the opportunities they have" is central to the Government's mission.
"This data exposes entrenched in equalities that have been left to worsen year-on-year – for the gap in access to university between disadvantaged students and their peers to be the highest on record is appalling," she added.
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