Oxford University new fossil discovered preserved in 3D

The new species has been called Lomankus edgecombei, and is distantly related to scorpions and horseshoe crabs.

Named after arthropod expert Greg Edgecombe of London’s Natural History Museum, the fossil belongs to a group called megacheirans, a group of arthropods with a large, modified leg (called a great appendage) at the front of their bodies that was used to capture prey.

A team of researchers was led by associate professor Luke Parry, department of earth sciences at the University of Oxford, who said: “As well as having their beautiful and striking golden colour, these fossils are spectacularly preserved.

“They look as if they could just get up and scuttle away.”

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The head of Lomankus edgecombei (Image: Luke Parry (photograph), Yu Liu, Ruixin Ran (3D models)/PA Wire) Megacheirans like Lomankus were very diverse during the Cambrian Period some 538-485m years ago, but they were thought to be largely extinct by the Ordovician Period (485-443m years ago).

Experts suggest the discovery sheds light on the long-standing riddle of how arthropods evolved the appendages on their heads.

These body parts can include the antennae of insects and crustaceans, and the pincers and fangs of spiders and scorpions.

“Today, there are more species of arthropod than any other group of animals on Earth.

“Part of the key to this success is their highly adaptable head and its appendages, that has adapted to various challenges like a biological Swiss army knife”, said associate professor Parry.

The flexible, whip-like hairs at the front of the Lomankus claws suggest the creature was using this frontal appendage to sense the environment, rather than to capture prey.

This indicates that it lived a lifestyle very different from its more ancient relatives in the Cambrian Period.

According to the study published in Current Biology, unlike other megacheirans, Lomankus seems to lack eyes, suggesting that it relied on its frontal appendage to sense and search for food in the dark, low-oxygen environment in which it lived. 

The fossil offers new clues towards solving the highly-debated question of what the equivalent of the great appendage of megacheirans is in living species.

The fossil was found at a site in New York State, in the US, that contains the famous Beecher’s Trilobite Bed, a layer of rock containing multiple well-preserved fossils.

The animals preserved in Beecher’s Trilobite Bed lived in a hostile, low oxygen environment that allowed iron pyrite, commonly known as fool’s gold, to replace parts of their bodies after they were buried, resulting in golden 3D fossils.